This paper was written as part of the 2001 Alaska Ocean Sciences Bowl high school competition. The conclusions in this report are solely those of the student authors.

The History & Future of Cruise Ship Waste: Modern Perspectives For a Changing Industry

APPENDIX (figures and tables)

Figure 1: Approximate location of major donut holes around Southeast Alaska

Table 1: Estimates of what one passenger or crew member aboard a ship for a week will consume and produce.

Figure 2: Flood (rising) surface current in the Gastineau Channel

Figure 3: Ebb (falling) surface current in the Gastineau Channel. Flood and Ebb (Current Diagrams taken from Oceanographic and Related Water Quality Studies in Southeastern Alaska, 1965.)

Table 2: Overview of Wastewater Discharges from Cruise Ships Operating In Southeast

Wastewater	Production/24 hour	Holding Tank Capacity	Discharge Rate	Quality of Effluent
Blackwater (toilet water & medical facility water)	20,441.2-60,945.1 Liters (5,400-16,100 gals)	151,416.5-499,674.4 Liters (40,000-132,000 gals)	59,809.5-200,021.2 Liters (15,800-52,840 gals/hr)	Fecal Coliform count <200/100ml TSS <150 mg/1 BOD:TBD
Graywater (showers, sinks, food liquid)	355,071.6-1,030,010.5 Liters (93,800-272,100 gals.)	598,095.1-1,499,023.1 Liters (158,000-396,000 gals)	59,809.5-200,021.2 Liters (15,800-52,840 gals)	Not yet determined
Oily Bilge Water	4,921-20,062.7 Liters (1,300-5,300 gals)	99,177.8-200,021.2 Liters (26,200-52,840 gals)	Oily water separator capable of treating up to 9,842.1 Liters (2,600 gals) of bilge water per hour	<15 ppm oil
-Alaska Cruise Ship Initiative: Part I Final Report (Activities through June 1, 2000)

 

Figure 4: Cruise Ship Wastewater Discharge and Solid Waste Handling Diagram. (Diagram from the Alaska Cruise Ship Initiative from July 2000.)

Figure 5: Owner/Operator Company Cruise Lines and where in Alaska was charged of illegal discharge incidents in ascending order of incident date (1993-1998)

Table 3: Proposed Plan for regulations on specific wastes and implementation dates

STAGE	UNTREATED SEWAGE	TREATED SEWAGE	GRAY WATER
1	No discharge in Southeast Alaska's waters	Greater than or equal to 6 knots Greater than or equal to 300 ft. (depth)	Greater than or equal to 3 knots Greater than or equal to 1 mile offshore
2	All sewage treated
3	15/100mL fecal coliform
4	<30 TSS mg/L	1 mile off coast	No discharge in defined areas
5	3 miles off coast		<15/100mL fecal coliform

HAZARDOUS WASTES	OILY BILGE WATER	SOLID WASTES	IMPLEMENTATION DATE
--------------	Port check of record books	No discharge in Inside Passage "Cradle to Grave" Policy	2002
--------------	<10 ppm of separated water	Mandatory recycling program	2005
--------------	----------------	>3 miles off coast	2010
Removal of drainage systems in high substance areas	----------------	Land disposal of ash	2015
"Cradle to Grave" Policy	----------------	Discharge 10 miles off coast (ocean)	2020